| Name | Purpose* | Dosage |
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Dressing and Hemostatic Materials | ||
| Sterile wide bandage | Material for dressings | Use as needed |
| Sterile medium bandage | Material for dressings | –##– |
| Sterile narrow bandage | Material for dressings | – ## – |
| Medium non-sterile bandage | Material for dressings | – ## – |
| Bandage stocking N1, N2, N3 | Material for fixing dressings | –##– |
| Dressing pack | Sterile material for wound dressing | |
| Adhesive tape (roll) | For covering chafes (prevention of chafes) | –##– |
| Bactericidal adhesive tape | For covering minor abrasions and chafes | – ## – |
| Cotton | Auxiliary material | Auxiliary material– ## – |
| Hemostatic sponge | Provides hemostatic and antiseptic action. Stimulates tissue regeneration. Applied locally for capillary, parenchymal, or small-vessel bleeding. | – ## – |
| Elastic bandage | Dressing material for sprains | |
| Rubber tourniquet | For stopping bleeding | |
| Topical Antiseptics | ||
| Chlorhexidine (100 ml bottle) | Disinfectant and antiseptic. Used for treating minor skin injuries and purulent wounds. | Use as needed |
| 5% Alcoholic Iodine Solution (10 ml bottle) | Antiseptic for minor skin injuries (scratches, small abrasions, calluses, etc.) and wound edges. Do not use on large areas or deep wounds. | For myositis: apply in a mesh pattern on painful areas |
| 1% Brilliant Green Solution (10 ml bottle | Antiseptic for minor wounds, abrasions, chafes. | Use as needed |
| Potassium Permanganate (10 g pack) | Strong oxidizer with antiseptic properties. Used as aqueous solution for wound rinsing, oral and throat rinses, mucous membranes, burns, and ulcers; also for stomach wash in poisoning; for calluses, chafes, and diaper rash. | 0.1-0.5% solutions for wound rinsing, burn and ulcer treatment, and stomach wash (solution color: light pink to pink). For calluses, chafes, diaper rash – saturated raspberry-colored solution |
| Hydrogen Peroxide 3% (100 ml bottle) or Hydroperit tablets (1.5 g each) | Disinfectant and antiseptic. Used for wound and abrasion rinsing, purulent wounds, and as oral rinse for tonsillitis or stomatitis. | For mouth/throat rinse: dissolve 1 Hydroperit tablet in a glass of boiled water (~0.25% solution) |
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Ethanol (ethyl alcohol, wine alcohol) | Reduces pain; topical antiseptic and irritant. Inhalation: antiseptic and anti-edema. High-energy substance. Used for hypothermia after causative factor removed. | Inhalation: 40% solution for pulmonary edema or respiratory infections. Topical: 95% solution. Compresses: 40% solution |
| Streptocide (powder, 5 g) | Disinfectant and antiseptic | Sprinkle over wound, abrasions, or diaper rash; cover with dressing if needed |
| Panthenol (spray can or ointment) | Anti-inflammatory, promotes wound healing | Indications: wounds, burns (including sunburn), skin cracks (if not purulent). Usage: shake can, spray from ~10 cm; dressing can be applied over foam |
| Livian (Olazol, 30 g aerosol can) | Combined topical preparation for 1st–2nd degree thermal burns | Apply from 10-15 cm distance; leave to dry or soak dressings with the product |
| Cardiovascular, Sedative, and Anti-Shock Medications | ||
| Corvalol (20 ml bottle, drops; also Valocordin) | Sedative, vasodilator, and antispasmodic. Indications: mild chest pain, palpitations, hysteria, motion sickness, insomnia. | 15-40 drops with a small amount of liquid or on sugar, before meals |
| Validol (tablets, 10 per pack) | Sedative, vasodilator. Indications: chest pain, motion sickness, nausea. | 1-2 tablets sublingually until completely dissolved |
| Nitroglycerin (tablets, 10 per pack) | Spasmolytic, vasodilator. Indications: severe chest pain, possibly radiating to the left arm, scapula, or neck, often with exertion or at high altitude. | 1-2 tablets sublingually while lying down; onset ~30 sec-1 min, duration ~20 min |
| Adrenaline (ampoules for injection, 0.1% solution, 1 ml) | Vasoconstrictor; increases blood pressure; bronchodilator; increases heart rate and strength of contractions; raises blood glucose. Indications: cardiac arrest, stimulation of heart activity (only during resuscitation), anaphylactic shock. Can be applied topically to reduce bleeding. | 0.1% solution, 1 ml subcutaneous injection; daily maximum 5 ml |
| Cordiamin (ampoules for injection, 1 ml, 25% solution) | Respiratory analeptic; stimulates respiratory and vasomotor centers. Indications: asphyxia (including poisoning), stimulation of breathing in hypothermia or unconscious avalanche victims. Not for traumatic shock or head injury. | 1-2 ml intramuscular or subcutaneous, 1-3 times/day |
| Poliglyukin / Macrodex (plastic bottles 500 ml, 6-10% solution) | Volume-replacing solutions for severe blood loss, burns, and shock. Quickly raises and maintains blood pressure. | IV only, via drip; up to 2000 ml/day, single dose up to 1200 ml |
| Prednisolone (ampoules for injection) | Maintains vascular tone; reduces secondary damage from cerebral/spinal edema; anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, immunosuppressive. Indications: severe head trauma with unconsciousness, spinal trauma with paralysis/anesthesia, prolonged transport of shock patients. | Methylprednisolone: 120 mg IV every 6 h; if spinal injury suspected, full stock may be administered immediately |
| Relanium (ampoules, 0.5% solution, 1 ml, IM) | Sedative, reduces tension, fear, anxiety; anticonvulsant; potentiates hypnotics, analgesics, neuroleptics, alcohol. Used in shock with analgesics. | Single IM injection: 10 mg (2 ml, 2 ampoules) |
| Diazepam (ampoules, 0.5% solution, 1 ml, IM) | Sedative; reduces tension, fear, anxiety. Used in shock with analgesics | Single IM injection: 10 mg (2 ml, 2 ampoules) |
| Analgesics, Antipyretics, and Antispasmodics | ||
| Baralgin (tablets, 0.5 g, pack of 10) | Non-steroidal (non-narcotic) anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic. Indications: gastrointestinal, renal, or other colic; headache; toothache; traumatic pain. | 1-2 tablets 2-3 times/day |
| Baralgin (ampoules for injection, 5 ml) | Non-steroidal (non-narcotic) anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic. Same indications as above. | 1 ampoule intramuscularly; repeat after 6-8 hours |
| Tramal (ampoules 1 ml – 0.05 g, 2 ml – 0.1 g) | Strong analgesic; rapid and long-lasting effect. Onset in ~5 min, lasts up to 5 hours. Indicated for severe acute pain. Not recommended for mild pain. Contraindication: alcohol intoxication. | 100–400 mg/day (1-4 ampoules; or 1-6 capsules; or 1-3 suppositories/day) |
| No-Spa (tablets, pack of 10) | Spasmolytic and analgesic. Relieves smooth muscle spasms in the intestines, stomach, urinary/biliary tracts, uterus, and blood vessels. Indicated for gastric spasms (gastritis), intestinal colic, dysmenorrhea. | 1-2 tablets 2-3 times/day. Contraindicated in bleeding |
| Novocaine (ampoules, 3 ml) | Strong local anesthetic. Used for irrigation of wounds, burns, and abrasions. Can be administered IM at the trauma site. Risk of anaphylactic shock. | For topical use: dilute 1 ampoule in 6 ml boiled water. IM: 10-20 ml or more depending on trauma |
| Lidocaine Hydrochloride (10% spray or ampoules 3 ml) | Strong local anesthetic. Faster, stronger, and longer-acting than novocaine. Used for wounds, burns, abrasions. IM administration at trauma site. Risk of anaphylactic shock. | Topical: 10% spray, 1-20 sprays. IM: 10-20 ml or more |
| Citramon (tablets, 0.5 g)
0.5 g | Relieves headache. | 0.5-1 tablet per dose |
| Gastrointestinal remedies (including anti-infective agents). | ||
| Festal (tablets/dragees, pack of 10) | Enzyme preparation, improves digestion. Indications: to improve digestion when consuming heavy or fatty foods. | 1-3 tablets during or immediately after meals |
| Mezim Forte (tablets, pack of 10) | Enzyme preparation, improves digestion. Somewhat less effective than Festal in fat digestion but does not have a laxative effect. Indications: to improve digestion when consuming heavy or fatty foods. | 1-3 tablets during or immediately after meals |
| Smecta (sachets, powder, 3 g) | Used for intestinal poisoning. By absorbing toxins, Smecta reduces intestinal wall damage and speeds recovery. Stops diarrhea. | Dissolve one sachet of powder in half a glass of boiled water. Drink as a suspension. |
| Activated Charcoal (tablets, pack of 10) | Indicated for gastrointestinal poisoning, absorbs toxins. For diarrhea, it is used together with antidiarrheal drugs (see below). | Сrush tablets totaling at least 10 g (the weight of one tablet is indicated on the package, e.g., 0.5 g), mix with about a glass of water, and drink as a suspension. Smaller doses are ineffective. In case of food poisoning, the stomach must be washed before taking activated charcoal. |
| Polyphepan (powder, adsorbent) | Indicated for gastrointestinal poisoning, absorbs toxins. For diarrhea, it is used together with antidiarrheal drugs (see below). More effective at adsorbing toxins compared with activated charcoal. | Dissolve the contents of one sachet in half a glass of water. Drink as a suspension. |
| Imodium (loperamide) (tablets, pack of 10) | Imodium slows intestinal motility by selective action on opioid receptors of the gastrointestinal tract. Used for acute intestinal disorders (stops diarrhea). Does not eliminate the cause of diarrhea, so it is necessary to determine and treat the underlying disease simultaneously. | 2 tablets or capsules (2 mg) immediately. Then 1 capsule can be taken every 2-3 hours. Maximum daily dose is 16 mg, though usually unnecessary. |
| Rehydron (measured powder) | Salt mixture combined with glucose to reduce dehydration. Contains sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, bicarbonate, citrate, and glucose in physiological concentrations. Indications: significant fluid loss (in infectious diseases, injuries, poisoning, blood loss, burns, heatstroke, heavy physical exertion; prolonged diarrhea or vomiting), especially in children. Also used to prevent electrolyte imbalance during prolonged consumption of melted snow water. | Dissolve one sachet in 1 liter of warm drinking water. Drink the solution. May be used repeatedly if necessary. Typically 2-6 liters per day orally, via probe, or rectal drip. |
| Cerucal (Reglan, metoclopramide) | Antiemetic. Indications: vomiting, nausea, hiccups of various origins, flatulence. Ineffective for seasickness or motion sickness. | 1 tablet 3 times a day before meals. In severe vomiting, crush a tablet into powder and dissolve in a small amount of warm water. |
| Gastal (tablets, pack of 10). | Used against heartburn. | 1 tablet (effect lasts 4-6 hours). |
| Furazolidone | Antimicrobial drug. Indications: acute intestinal infections with diarrhea, urinary tract infections. Not for ordinary food poisoning caused by bacterial toxins rather than live pathogenic microflora. | After gastric lavage (in case of intestinal infections), 2 tablets 4 times a day for 2 days, then 2 tablets 3 times a day for a week. Take with plenty of fluids. Maximum single dose: 4 tablets. Maximum daily dose: 16 tablets |
| Levomycetin (tablets, pack of 10) | Previously used for intestinal infections. Antibiotic. Currently recognized as a highly harmful drug with severe and frequent side effects. Indications now limited to certain diagnosed bacterial infections. | Prescribing this drug without those indications, especially to children or adolescents, is nearly criminal. |
| Ciprofloxacin (Cifran, Tsiprolet, Ciprobyte) | Broad-spectrum antibiotic. Indications: includes acute intestinal infections with diarrhea. Not for ordinary food poisoning caused by bacterial toxins rather than live pathogenic microflora. | 500 mg twice daily. Duration of therapy, per WHO recommendations, for uncomplicated cases (i.e., if treatment is effective): 3 days. |
| Anti-infective agents | ||
| Biseptol 480 (Bactrim, Septrin), tablets | Combined drug containing 0.4 g sulfamethoxazole and 0.08 g trimethoprim. The combination of these two bacteriostatic agents provides high antibacterial activity against many bacteria. Rapidly absorbed when taken orally. Effect develops within 1–3 hours and lasts up to 7 hours. High concentrations achieved in the lungs and kidneys. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial. Indications: infections of the respiratory tract, kidneys and urinary tract, intestines, infected wounds. Incompatible with alcohol. | 2 tablets twice daily. This applies to tablets containing 480 mg of active substances. If using Biseptol 240 or 120, the number of tablets must be increased accordingly. |
| Tseprova (tablets, pack of 3) | Broad-spectrum antibiotic | 1 capsule daily |
| Claforan (ampoules) | Broad-spectrum antibiotic. Indicated for bacterial infections (in particular, pneumonia). | 1 ampoule intramuscularly per day |
| Augmentin (Amoxiclav) | Broad-spectrum “first-line” antibiotic. Indicated for bacterial infections (in particular, pneumonia). As a reserve antibiotic (for evacuation of critically ill patients), ciprofloxacin (Ciprobyte, Cifran, Tsiprolet) is recommended – see above. | 500 mg three times daily. |
| Sumamed (Zithromax) | Broad-spectrum “first-line” antibiotic. Indicated for bacterial infections (in particular, pneumonia). | 500 mg once daily. |
| Antipyretics and cold remedies. | ||
| Paracetamol (Panadol, Panodil, Alvedon, Acamol, Acetaminophen, etc.) | Antipyretic. In choosing antipyretics, the key factors, aside from standard indications, are allergy type and individual preference. Paracetamol is the international standard. | 1-2 tablets at night. |
| Aspirin | Antipyretic. Contraindicated for patients with gastritis or peptic ulcer disease. | 1 tablet at night. |
| Bromhexine (tablets, pack of 10) | Indications: productive (wet) cough, expectorant effect. | 1 tablet 4 times daily. Effect usually begins about 24 hours after starting treatment. |
| Acetylcysteine (ACC), usually as effervescent tablets | Mucolytic agent. Used for upper respiratory tract disease, pneumonia (in combination therapy). | 200 mg 3 times daily, or 600 mg (ACC-Long, extended-release) once daily. |
| Coldrex, Theraflu, etc. (5 g sachets) | Remedies for acute respiratory infections (symptomatic). Decongestants. Combinations of an antihistamine (usually Suprastin or Tavegil), a vasoconstrictor, and sometimes an antipyretic. Composition and effectiveness are generally similar. | See package instructions |
| Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) (2.5 g sachets) | Anticold remedy. | At the first signs of a cold. Dosage: 1 sachet daily (high-dose). |
| Septolete, Septifril (tablets, lozenges, pack of 10) | For sore throat relief. | Dissolve 1 lozenge several times daily. |
| Faringosept, tablets | Indications: prevention and treatment of acute oral and throat infections (tonsillitis, stomatitis). | 1 tablet 3-5 times daily, dissolve in the mouth. Avoid food and drink for 3 hours afterward. Duration: 3-4 days |
| Furacilin | Gargle solution for sore throat. The actual rinsing agent matters less than the mechanical removal of infected material. Alternatives include salt water (salty but tolerable). | Dissolve tablets in warm water at a ratio of 1:5000, i.e., 5 tablets of 0.02 g or 1 tablet of 0.1 g per 0.5 L of water. |
| Cameton, aerosol | Indications: inflammation of the nose, throat, or larynx. | Spray in mouth and nose 3-4 times daily for 1-2 seconds each time. |
| Naphthyzin, Nazol, Galazolin, etc. (10 ml vials) | Nasal drops (vasoconstrictors). Used for rhinitis. | Instill a few drops. |
| Other medications. | ||
| Tavegil (tablets, pack of 10) | Antihistamine (for allergic reactions). Indications: allergic diseases of the skin, nose, eyes, etc. Not recommended during the active part of a route. | 1 tablet twice daily (morning and evening). Maximum daily dose: 4 tablets. |
| Suprastin, tablets | Antihistamine (for allergic reactions). Indications: allergic diseases of the skin, nose, eyes, etc. | 1 tablet with meals 3 times daily. Maximum daily dose: 6 tablets. |
| Fencarol, 0.025 g tablets | Antiallergic drug without sedative effect. Indications: same as above. | 1 tablet 3 times daily after meals. |
| Euphyllin. Recommended form: 2.4% solution in 1 ml ampoules | Has antispasmodic and vasodilating effects, relaxes bronchial muscles, enhances myocardial contractility, dilates peripheral vessels of kidneys and brain, and has moderate diuretic and anticoagulant effects. Used for pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, anaphylactic shock. The cheapest and simplest way to dilate airways (in pneumonia). | Single intramuscular dose 0.5-1 ml of 2.4% solution; daily intramuscular dose 4 ml of 2.4% solution. In tablets: 240 mg 3 times daily. |
| Sofradex (drops, 2 ml) | Eye and ear drops. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiallergic effects. Indications: inflammatory diseases, injuries of eyes and ears. | For eye diseases, 1-2 drops every 2-3 hours for 2-3 days. |
| Albucid (sodium sulfacyl). Eye drops, 20% solution in dropper tubes | Indications: inflammatory processes or eye injuries (irritation from foreign material). | 2-3 drops 4-5 times daily. |
| Hydrocortisone (ophthalmic ointment) | Used for inflammation, particularly in cases of eye sunburn (snow blindness) | Apply ointment under the lower eyelid (at night). |
| Multivitamins (Centrum, Unicap T, etc.). Cheaper domestic analogs: Revit, Undevit, Triovit, etc. Unlike imported vitamin complexes, they do not contain trace elements. | Prevent possible hypovitaminosis that may develop with poor nutrition during hiking conditions | Usually indicated in the package insert. |
| Ointments for various purposes. | ||
| Fastum Gel (ointment, 50 g tube) | Topical remedy, used for joint pain, back pain, etc. | Method of application: indicated on the package. |
| Nikoflex (Viprosal, Apizartron, Menovazin) | Local warming agent. Indications: warming of muscles and ligaments after sprains, overexertion, frostbite. | Apply a small amount of ointment to a palm-sized area of skin and rub gently for 3-4 minutes. Avoid contact with eyes, mouth, and nose. Apply only to intact skin! Wash hands with warm water and soap after application. |
| Finalgon (its use is limited due to sharp sensations of pain and burning at the application site and other side effects) | Warming (irritant) ointment. Topical remedy, used for joint pain, back pain, etc. | Application: same as above. |
| Indovazin (Troxevasin). Gel | Indications: bruises, hematomas. | Apply to the painful area and rub in lightly. Repeat several times a day. |
| Flucinar (ointment or gel) | Glucocorticosteroid for topical use. Has anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anti-edematous, and antipruritic effects. Indications: psoriasis, lichen, insect bites, eczema, allergic skin reactions. | Apply a small amount 2-3 times a day and rub in. Can be used to impregnate dressings. |
| Medical appliances | ||
| Small scissors | ||
| Ampoule opener | ||
| Hemostatic clamps, surgical needles, and sutures (if a specialist is present in the group) | ||
| Catheter (urinary) | ||
| Surgical forceps (medium) | ||
| Thermometer | ||
| Disposable sterile syringes (2.5, 10, 20 ml) with needles | ||
| Dropper (pipette) | ||
| Tonometer | Blood pressure monitor | |
| Sterile plastic IV administration sets | ||
* — The indications and dosages of many medications listed in the table were recommended by mountaineering physician A. Dolinin, 2000; they are taken from first aid literature and the specific drug descriptions.
Accepted Approaches to Packing Medications in a Hiking First-Aid Kit
Let’s consider the requirements for packing the kit as a whole and for individual medications inside it.
1. Rigid Outer Case: The kit’s container should be sufficiently rigid to maintain its shape and protect its contents from deformation when carried in a backpack or outside it. Plastic toolboxes sold in hardware stores are convenient in this regard. They are similar to professional medical kits used by paramedic teams and rescue services. When choosing a particular type of case, attention should be paid to the reliability of the locks and the lid-to-box connection.
2. Water Resistance: Even if the kit comes into contact with water, it should remain sealed. Many medications are rendered unusable if exposed to moisture.
3. Internal Organization: Medications should be packed in functional blocks, with clear labels on each drug. An example of a block is a plastic container for sandwiches (165×105×60 mm). If using homemade packaging, all medication names (including concentration) must be clearly restored on the labels. For situations where the kit is used by a first-aid instructor without professional medical training, a list of medications with indications, dosages, and contraindications should be included inside the kit.
4. Shock Protection: Internal padding between blocks should be provided to absorb potential shocks or impacts during transport.
5. Weight Minimization: The kit’s overall weight should be minimized. Glass packaging is the heaviest and most inconvenient, so the number of medications in glass containers should be reduced to a minimum.
